I am guessing the sd card support in the SoC’s built-in rom (which isn’t upgradable) does not like these sd cards.
Support within the firmware/bootloader in SPI should be significantly better.
Now that you have UART access, you’re able to use this method to flash newer boot code to SPI:
edit: I just re-read the OP and realized you’ve got two boards.
I’m suspecting there’s some sort of issue with the bad board’s RAM.
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